Ear tips capable of capturing bioelectrical signals and providing nerve stimulation

ABSTRACT

A method of fabricating an ear tip including the steps of: providing an ear tip for an earpiece including a body having first and second ends, an inner wall extending between the first and second ends, and an outer wall connected to the inner wall of the body at the first end and tapering away from the inner wall toward the second end; and forming a first electrically conductive element along the outer surface of the outer wall and an inner surface of the inner wall; or forming a first electrically conductive element on an outer surface of the deformable outer wall and a second electrically conductive element connected to the first electrically conductive element, wherein the second electrically conductive element extends along an inner surface of the outer wall and an outer surface of the inner wall.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional Application of and claims priority toU.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/448,849 filed Jun. 21, 2019, andtitled “Ear Tips Capable of Capturing Bioelectrical Signals andProviding Nerve Stimulation,” which application is herein incorporatedby reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure generally relates to configurations for ear tips for usewith earpieces.

SUMMARY

This disclosure is directed to an ear tip that enables capturing ofbioelectrical signals and/or providing stimulation of nerves throughapplication of electricity.

In one aspect, a method of fabricating an ear tip configured to detectone or more health parameters includes the steps of: providing an eartip, wherein the ear tip includes a body having first and second ends,an inner wall extending between the first and second ends to define ahollow passage, and a deformable outer wall connected to the inner wallof the body at the first end and tapering away from the inner walltoward the second end; and forming at least one electrically conductiveelement on the deformable outer wall, wherein at least part of the atleast one electrically conductive element extends along an inner surfaceor an outer surface of the inner wall.

Implementations may include one or more of the following. The step offorming the at least one electrically conductive element can include:aligning a conductive material with the ear tip; and heating the ear tipabove a vulcanization temperature of a material forming the ear tip tobond the conductive material to a first portion of the ear tip. The stepof forming the at least one electrically conductive element includesextending the at least one electrically conductive element along anouter surface of the outer wall and the inner surface of the inner wall.The step of forming the at least one electrically conductive elementincludes extending the at least one electrically conductive elementalong an inner surface of the outer wall and the outer surface of theinner wall. The step of forming the at least one electrically conductiveelement includes applying the first or second electrically conductiveelement using screen printing, pad printing, or in-mold decorating. Theat least one electrically conductive element can be embodied as anelectrical circuit element. The body can be comprised of silicone,polyurethane, polynorbornene, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and/orfluoroelastomer. The at least one electrically conductive element can becomprised of a metal pad, metal button, metal foil, metal-salt hybrid,polymeric composite, intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP), and/orconductive fabric.

In a further aspect, an ear tip for an earpiece includes a body havingfirst and second ends, an inner wall extending between the first andsecond ends to define a hollow passage to conduct acoustic energy, and adeformable outer wall connected to the inner wall of the body at thefirst end and tapering away from the inner wall toward the second end.The ear tip further includes a first electrically conductive elementarranged on an outer surface of the deformable outer wall, wherein thefirst electrically conductive element extends along the outer surface ofthe outer wall and an inner surface of the inner wall.

Implementations may include one or more of the following. The deformableouter wall forms a generally frustoconical shape around the inner wall.The body is comprised of silicone, polyurethane, polynorbornene,thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and/or fluoroelastomer. The firstelectrically conductive element is comprised of a metal pad, metalbutton, metal foil, metal-salt hybrid, polymeric composite,intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP), and/or conductive fabric. Theear tip further includes a second electrically conductive elementarranged in the body proximate to a retaining structure of the ear tip.

In another aspect, an ear tip for an earpiece includes a body havingfirst and second ends, an inner wall extending between the first andsecond ends to define a hollow passage to conduct acoustic energy fromthe acoustic driver, and a deformable outer wall connected to the innerwall of the body at the first end and tapering away from the inner walltoward the second end. The ear tip further includes a first electricallyconductive element arranged on an outer surface of the deformable outerwall and a second electrically conductive element connected to the firstelectrically conductive element, wherein the second electricallyconductive element extends along an inner surface of the outer wall andan outer surface of the inner wall.

Implementations may include one or more of the following. The deformableouter wall forms a generally frustoconical shape around the inner wall.The body is comprised of silicone, polyurethane, polynorbornene,thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and/or fluoroelastomer. The firstelectrically conductive element is comprised of a metal pad, metalbutton, metal foil, metal-salt hybrid, polymeric composite,intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP), and/or conductive fabric. Thesecond electrically conductive element can be embodied as an electricalcircuit element. The ear tip can further include a third electricallyconductive element arranged in the body proximate to a retainingstructure of the ear tip.

Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description andthe claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the sameparts throughout the different views. Also, the drawings are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed uponillustrating the principles of the various examples.

FIG. 1 is an example earpiece.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example earpiece.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example configuration of the earpiece shown inFIG. 2, shown in a cross-sectional view generally along line 5-5 in FIG.2.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example configuration of the earpiece shown inFIG. 2, shown in a cross-sectional view generally along line 5-5 in FIG.2.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example configuration of the earpiece shown inFIG. 2, shown in a cross-sectional view generally along line 5-5 in FIG.2.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example configuration of the earpiece shown inFIG. 2, shown in a cross-sectional view generally along line 5-5 in FIG.2.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example method of fabricating an ear tipconfigured to detect one or more bioelectrical signals and/or providenerve stimulation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure is directed to configurations of an ear tip that candetect bioelectrical signals, for example, electroencephalogram (EEG)signals, and other health parameters, and/or deliver an electricalsignal to the ear, for example, for nerve stimulation. Typical EEGdevices are comprised of a series of electrodes attached to a skull cap.However, these devices are uncomfortable, bulky, inconvenient, and notsuitable for daily-life situations. The present disclosure relates to anear tip capable of measuring bioelectrical signals such as EEG signalsfrom the brain and/or providing nerve stimulation. The ear tip includesa body having first and second ends, an inner wall extending between thefirst and second ends to define a hollow passage to conduct sound waves,and an outer wall connected to the inner wall of the body at the firstend and tapering away from the inner wall toward the second end. The eartip further includes first and second electrically conductive elementsarranged on an outer surface of the deformable outer wall.

The examples and implementations disclosed or otherwise envisionedherein can be utilized with any suitable earpiece. Examples of suitableearpieces include Bose® Sleepbuds™ (manufactured by Bose Corporation ofFramingham, Mass.), ear tips, earbuds, in-ear headphones, over-the-earheadphones, noise-blocking earplugs, and hearing aids. However, thedisclosure is not limited to these devices, and thus the disclosure andembodiments disclosed herein can encompass any earpiece configured to beplaced at least partially within human ears.

Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 shows an example earpiece 100including an ear tip that is configured to fit at least partially into aperson's ear canal and a retaining structure configured to hold the eartip in place when worn. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view ofearpiece 100. The following should be viewed in light of FIGS. 1-2.Earpiece 100 can include body 102, and hollow passage 104, and retaininglegs 106. Although FIGS. 1-2 show retaining legs 106 as one embodimentof a retaining structure, this disclosure is not limited to such aconfiguration. Any type of retaining structure is contemplated.Alternatively, the retaining structure can be omitted altogether. Theretaining legs 106 are optional.

Body 102 includes first end 108 and second end 110 opposite the firstend 108. Second end 110 is proximate to the retaining legs 102. Body 104further includes inner wall 107 extending between the first end 108 andthe second end 110. Inner wall 107 defines and surrounds hollow passage104 which can be configured to conduct sound waves. Body 102 alsoincludes outer wall 112 connected to the inner wall 107 at the first end108. Outer wall 112 tapers away from the inner wall 107 toward thesecond end 110. In example aspects, outer wall 112 is frustoconical inshape. As shown in FIGS. 1-2, outer wall 112 tapers toward the secondend 110 but does not necessarily reach the second end 110. In alternateembodiments not shown, outer wall 112 could extend to the second end 110or beyond second end 110. Body 102 can be made of any suitable soft,flexible materials, including, for example, silicone, polyurethane,polynorbornene (e.g., Norsorex® material available from D-NOV GmbH ofVienna, Austria), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and/or fluoroelastomer.

Earpiece 100 includes electrically conductive elements 120, 122, and124, which function as electrodes when positioned to contact skin withinthe ear, which generally is a stable environment offering goodelectrical and/or mechanical contact between skin and electrodes.Although FIG. 1 shows one particular configuration of an ear tip withelectrically conductive elements 120 and 122 arranged on opposite sidesof an outer surface of outer wall 112 (configured to fit at leastpartially into a person's ear canal), and electrically conductiveelement 124 arranged on body 102, this disclosure is not limited to sucha configuration, and any number of electrically conductive elements canbe placed in any configuration on earpiece 100 as long as theelectrically conductive elements are arranged to contact skin within theear when the earpiece is worn by a user. It should be appreciated thatonly two electrically conductive elements may be used to function aselectrodes.

Examples of electrically conductive elements include a metal pad, metalbutton, metal foils (e.g., gold, silver), metal-salt hybrids (e.g.,silver/silver-chloride), polymeric composites (e.g., rubbers compoundedwith conductive fillers such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes,graphene, silver, glass-coated silver), intrinsically conductivepolymers (e.g., poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonateor PEDOT:PSS), and/or conductive fabric (e.g., fabrics with conductiveyarns, fabrics coated with conductive materials). Preferably, theelectrically conductive elements are made of soft, flexible materials.The electrically conductive elements can be incorporated on to the eartip using an ink and applying it using screen printing, pad printing, orin-mold decorating. Alternatively, the conductive elements can beincorporated wholly on to the ear tip via injection, transfer orcompression molding.

Electrically conductive elements 120, 122, and/or 124 can function asphysiological electrodes for detecting bioelectrical signals of anindividual, including, for example, electroencephalogram (EEG),electrooculogram (EOG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electromyogram(EMG) signals, and may also be used to detect pulse rate, respirationrate, body temperature, sweat levels, and glucose, among other healthparameters. Monitoring of EEG in a wearable in-ear earpiece can be used,for example, for sleep staging, stress detection, and/or music-to-moodcorrelation. Monitoring of EOG in a wearable in-ear earpiece can beused, for example, for sensing movement of an individual's eyes.Electrically conductive elements 120, 122, and/or 124 can also be usedto deliver an electrical signal to the ear, for example, for use innerve stimulation.

Earpiece 100 may include an embedded integrated circuit, for example,inside the body 102. In examples, earpiece 100 is communicably coupledwith an integrated circuit that is separate and remotely located, forexample, in a computer or a mobile device. The integrated circuit caninclude a data processor, a memory, and a communication processor.Commands to be executed by the processor can be obtained via thecommunication processor. The communication processor facilitates wiredor wireless communication for earpiece 100 and can be facilitated viaone or more antennas, for example. The communication processor canfacilitate communication with one or more networks or other devices, forexample, by using wireless methods that are known, including but notlimited to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, LTE, and/or ZigBee, among others.Earpiece 100 can further include an embedded power source (e.g., abattery) required to carry out various functionalities involving theintegrated circuit and the one or more electronic components describedherein.

Various example configurations of earpieces having electricallyconducting elements capable of capturing bioelectrical signals and/orproviding nerve stimulation are shown in FIGS. 3 through 6.

FIGS. 3 illustrates a configuration of earpiece 100 having first andsecond electrically conductive elements 120 and 122 arranged on an outersurface of deformable outer wall 112. Conductive elements 120 and 122can be created, for example, by punching holes in the deformable outerwall 112 and filing the holes with silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl). InFIG. 3, inner wall 107 includes first and second conductive leads 130and 132 (e.g., metal-plated pads, such as gold-plated discs) that areconfigured to electrically connect with first and second electricallyconductive elements 120 and 122 when outer wall 112 is deformed towardinner wall 107 as earpiece 100 is placed in the ear of an individual.The collapsing of outer wall 112 (shown in FIG. 3 in the shape of anumbrella, or frustoconical) allows for contact of electricallyconductive elements 120 and 122 with respective conductive leads 130 and132 situated behind outer wall 112, thereby establishing andtransmitting electrical signals to electronics (not shown) in body 102of the earpiece 100.

FIG. 4 illustrates another configuration of earpiece 100 having firstand second electrically conductive elements 120 and 122 arranged on anouter surface of deformable outer wall 112. In FIG. 4, inner wall 107includes first and second conductive pins 140 and 142 (e.g., pogo pinsor spring loaded connectors) that are configured to electrically connectwith first and second electrically conductive elements 120 and 122 whenouter wall 112 is deformed toward inner wall 107 as earpiece 100 isplaced in the ear of an individual. The collapsing of outer wall 112(shown in FIG. 4 in the shape of an umbrella, or frustoconical) allowsfor contact of electrically conductive elements 120 and 122 withrespective conductive pins 140 and 142 situated behind deformable outerwall 112, thereby establishing and transmitting electrical signals toelectronics (not shown) in body 102 of the earpiece 100. Optionally,angled through-holes may be created in the deformable outer wall 112such that the conductive pins 140 and 142 align with the through-holeswhen the outer wall 112 is collapsed when placed in the ear.

FIG. 5 illustrates a further configuration of earpiece 100 having firstand second electrically conductive elements 120 and 122 arranged on anouter surface of deformable outer wall 112. In FIG. 5, earpiece 100includes first and second electrical circuit elements 150 and 152 (e.g.,conductive fabric, such as fabric available from Eschler Textil GmbH andcoated with silver/silver-chloride) connected to first and secondelectrically conductive elements 120 and 122. The first and secondelectrical circuit elements 150 and 152 each extend along an innersurface of deformable outer wall 112 and an outer surface of inner wall107. The electrical circuit elements are connected to electronics (notshown) in body 102 of the earpiece 100, thereby allowing transmission ofelectrical signals when earpiece 100 is placed in the ear of anindividual.

FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration of earpiece 100 having first andsecond electrically conductive elements 160 and 162 (e.g., conductivefabric, such as fabric available from Eschler Textil GmbH and coatedwith silver/silver-chloride) each extending along an outer surface ofdeformable outer wall 112 and an inner surface of inner wall 107. Theelectrical circuit elements are connected to electronics (not shown) inbody 102 of the earpiece 100, thereby allowing transmission ofelectrical signals when earpiece 100 is placed in the ear of anindividual.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example method of fabricating an ear tip(e.g., earpiece 100) having two or more electrically conductive elements(e.g., electrically conductive elements 120 and/or 122). In step 210, anear tip is provided. For example, the ear tip may include a body 102having first and second ends 108 and 110, an inner wall 107 extendingbetween the first and second ends 108 and 110 to define a hollow passage104 to conduct acoustic energy, and a deformable outer wall 112connected to the inner wall 107 of the body 102 at the first end 108 andtapering away from the inner wall 107 toward the second end 110, asillustrated for example in FIG. 1 of the present disclosure.

In step 220, first and second electrically conductive elements areformed on an outer surface of the deformable outer wall of the ear tip.Examples of electrically conductive elements include a metal pad, metalbutton, metal foils (e.g., gold, silver), metal-salt hybrids (e.g.,silver/silver-chloride), polymeric composites (e.g., rubbers compoundedwith conductive fillers such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes,graphene, silver, glass-coated silver), intrinsically conductivepolymers (e.g., poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonateor PEDOT:PSS), and/or conductive fabric (e.g., fabrics with conductiveyarns, fabrics coated with conductive materials). The electricallyconductive elements are preferably made of soft, flexible materials. Theelectrically conductive elements can be incorporated on to the ear tipusing an ink and applying it using screen printing, pad printing, orin-mold decorating. Alternatively, the conductive elements can beincorporated wholly on to the ear tip via injection, transfer orcompression molding. It should be appreciated that any number ofelectrically conductive elements (e.g., two or more) can be placed inany configuration on an earpiece as long as the electrically conductiveelements are arranged to contact skin within the ear when the earpieceis worn by a user.

Optionally, in step 230, conductive material in the first and secondelectrically conductive elements is aligned with the ear tip and the eartip is heated above a vulcanization temperature of a material, causingthe conductive material to bond to a first portion of the ear tip.

The electrically conductive elements can also be incorporated on to theear tip using an ink and applying it using screen printing, padprinting, or in-mold decorating. Further, the conductive elements can beincorporated wholly on to the ear tip via injection, transfer orcompression molding.

To complete the electronic circuit and allow capability of transmissionof bioelectric signals and/or nerve stimulation, the conductive elementsmay be connected to electronics (e.g., integrated circuit, power source,etc.) in the body of the earpiece.

In one option, in step 240, first and second conductive leads (e.g.,spring pins or metal-plated pads) are formed on an outer surface of theinner wall to electrically connect with the first and secondelectrically conductive elements when the outer wall is deformed towardthe inner wall, as illustrated for example in FIGS. 3 and 4 of thepresent disclosure.

In another option, in step 250, first and second electrically conductiveelements are formed along the outer surface of the outer wall andextending along an inner surface of the inner wall (e.g., usingconductive fabrics, such as fabric available from Eschler Textil GmbHand coated with silver/silver-chloride), as illustrated for example inFIG. 6 of the present disclosure.

In a further option, in step 260, first and second electrical circuitelements are formed and connected to the first and second electricallyconductive elements, with the first and second electrical circuitelements each extending along an inner surface of the outer wall and anouter surface of the inner wall (e.g., using conductive fabrics, such asfabric available from Eschler Textil GmbH and coated withsilver/silver-chloride), as illustrated for example in FIG. 6 of thepresent disclosure.

The various configurations of ear tips described in the presentdisclosure may eliminate or reduce the need for hardwiring of electrodesin earpieces and provide a more effective approach for handling theelectrode lead-out. Additionally, the various configurations of ear tipsdescribed in the present disclosure allow for in-ear EEG measurement andmay also enable additional features for earpieces and headsets, such asdonning and doffing detection. Further, the various configurations ofear tips described in the present disclosure may be used to deliver anelectrical signal to the ear, for example, for nerve stimulation.

While several inventive examples have been described and illustratedherein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision avariety of other means and/or structures for performing the functionand/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantagesdescribed herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications isdeemed to be within the scope of the inventive examples describedherein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciatethat all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations describedherein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters,dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon thespecific application or applications for which the inventive teachingsis/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able toascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalentsto the specific inventive examples described herein. It is, therefore,to be understood that the foregoing examples are presented by way ofexample only and that, within the scope of the appended claims andequivalents thereto, inventive examples may be practiced otherwise thanas specifically described and claimed. Inventive examples of the presentdisclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article,material, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combinationof two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, and/ormethods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, and/or methodsare not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope ofthe present disclosure.

Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims andother claims to which the applicant may be entitled.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of fabricating an ear tip, comprisingthe steps of: providing an ear tip, wherein the ear tip comprises a bodyhaving first and second ends, an inner wall extending between the firstand second ends to define a hollow passage, and a deformable outer wallconnected to the inner wall of the body at the first end and taperingaway from the inner wall toward the second end; and forming at least oneelectrically conductive element on the deformable outer wall, wherein atleast part of the at least one electrically conductive element extendsalong an inner surface or an outer surface of the inner wall.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the at least oneelectrically conductive element comprises aligning a conductive materialwith the ear tip.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of formingthe at least one electrically conductive element comprises heating theear tip above a vulcanization temperature of a material forming the eartip to bond the conductive material to a first portion of the ear tip.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the at least oneelectrically conductive element comprises extending the at least oneelectrically conductive element along an outer surface of the outer walland the inner surface of the inner wall.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the step of forming the at least one electrically conductiveelement comprises extending the at least one electrically conductiveelement along an inner surface of the outer wall and the outer surfaceof the inner wall.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of formingthe at least one electrically conductive element comprises applying theat least one electrically conductive element using screen printing orpad printing or in-mold decorating.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereinthe at least one electrically conductive element is an electricalcircuit element.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the body is comprisedof silicone, polyurethane, polynorbornene, thermoplastic elastomer(TPE), and/or fluoroelastomer.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the atleast one electrically conductive element is comprised of a metal pad,metal button, metal foil, metal-salt hybrid, polymeric composite,intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP), and/or conductive fabric.
 10. Anear tip for an earpiece, comprising: a body having first and secondends, an inner wall extending between the first and second ends todefine a hollow passage to conduct acoustic energy, and a deformableouter wall connected to the inner wall of the body at the first end andtapering away from the inner wall toward the second end; and a firstelectrically conductive element arranged on an outer surface of thedeformable outer wall, wherein the first electrically conductive elementextends along the outer surface of the outer wall and an inner surfaceof the inner wall.
 11. The ear tip of claim 10, wherein the deformableouter wall forms a generally frustoconical shape around the inner wall.12. The ear tip of claim 10, wherein the body is comprised of silicone,polyurethane, polynorbornene, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and/orfluoroelastomer.
 13. The ear tip of claim 10, wherein the firstelectrically conductive element is comprised of a metal pad, metalbutton, metal foil, metal-salt hybrid, polymeric composite,intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP), and/or conductive fabric. 14.The ear tip of claim 10, further comprising a second electricallyconductive element arranged in the body proximate to a retainingstructure of the ear tip.
 15. An ear tip for an earpiece, comprising: abody having first and second ends, an inner wall extending between thefirst and second ends to define a hollow passage to conduct acousticenergy, and a deformable outer wall connected to the inner wall of thebody at the first end and tapering away from the inner wall toward thesecond end; a first electrically conductive element arranged on an outersurface of the deformable outer wall; and a second electricallyconductive element connected to the first electrically conductiveelement, wherein the second electrically conductive element extendsalong an inner surface of the outer wall and an outer surface of theinner wall.
 16. The ear tip of claim 15, wherein the deformable outerwall forms a generally frustoconical shape around the inner wall. 17.The ear tip of claim 15, wherein the body is comprised of silicone,polyurethane, polynorbornene, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and/orfluoroelastomer.
 18. The ear tip of claim 15, wherein the firstelectrically conductive element and/or the second electricallyconductive element is comprised of a metal pad, metal button, metalfoil, metal-salt hybrid, polymeric composite, intrinsically conductivepolymer (ICP), and/or conductive fabric.
 19. The ear tip of claim 15,wherein the second electrically conductive element is an electricalcircuit element.
 20. The ear tip of claim 15, further comprising a thirdelectrically conductive element arranged in the body proximate to aretaining structure of the ear tip.